Apparatus for causticising ammonia-liquor



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ERNEST SOLVAY, OF BRUSSELS, BELGIUM, ASSIGNOR TO THE SOLVAY PRO- CESSCOMPANY, OF SYRACUSE, NEW YORK.

APPARATUS FOR CAUSTICISING AMMONIA-LIQUOR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 518,429, dated April17, 1894.

Application filed December 7, 1889- Serial No. 332,924. (No model.)Patentcdin Belgium October 19, 1888, No. 83,661; in Germany November 4,1888, lie-49,500; in France April 15, 1889, No. 197,483, and in EnglandMay 16, 1889, No. 8,169.

To all whom it may concern: the outlet of said pipe or tube forcompelling Be it known that I, ERNEST SOLVAY, a subthe gas to passthrough the ammonia liquor ject of the King of Belgium,residingiatBrusin said cooler chamber in order to retain the sels,Belgium, have invented a new and useammonia H N liberated in theprevious cham- 5 ful Apparatus for Distilling Ammonia, (for ber, and ina connection from said separator whichlhaveobtained LettersPatentinthefolto the washer, whereby the liberated gas is lowingcountries, to wit: Belgium,No.83,66l, passed through the comparativelycool amdated October 19, 1888; France, No. 197,483, monia liquor in thewasher, thus positively dated April, 15, 1889; Germany, No. 49,500,preventing the escape of ammonia; and the I0 dated November 4, 1888, andGreat Britain, invention still furthermore consists in the de- No.8,169, dated May 16, 1889,) of which the tail construction andarrangement of the following, taken in connection with the acparts, allas hereinafter more particularly decompanying drawing, is a full, clear,and exscribed and pointed out in the claims. act description. Indescribing this invention, reference is 1 My invention relates toimprovements in an had to the accompanying drawing, illustratapparatusfor distilling ammonia liquor, and ing my apparatus, in elevation, andpartly in has for its object the production of a simple section. andeflfective device, whereby the carbonic In this drawing A represents thestill anhydride CO and sulphureted hydrogen H 8 which is shown inelevation; --B the sepa- 20 are separated from the weak ammonia liquorrator; D a condenser and heater; G a before its passage to the still,andthe distilled tank or reservoir for the uncausticised amvapors areutilized to effect this separation of monia liquor, and F-- the receiverfor the the said gases from the weak ammonialiquor; distilledcausticised liquor, all of which parts and to this end the inventionconsists, essenare shown in vertical section.

2 5 tially, in a separator composed ofa series of This apparatus isespecially designed for 7 chambers; connected coiled pipes or flues inuse in carrying out my improved process as the separate chambers; astill connected to described and claimed in my application of said pipesor lines for passing the distilled vaeven date herewith. porstherethrough, and raising the tempera- A represents the still which isof any 30 ture of said chambers;a condenser and heater suitable form,size and construction, and connected to saidseparatorforcondensingthe-arepresents an inlet pipe discharging vapors, and a receiver for theconcentrated into the still --A- the ammonia liquors ammonia liquor.which have been previously conducted from The invention also consists ina washer conthe tank or reservoir -G through the con- 5 taining weakammonia liquor; a pipe opendenser and heater D-- and the separator ingfrom said washer for conducting the am- -B. The distilled heated vaporsare conmonia liquor into the inlet chamber of the ducted from the still-A- by an outlet pipe separator; overflow pipes or passages between a'-,which discharges into the base of a the various chambers of theseparator, whereseparator or column -B, which may also 40 by the liquoris conducted from one to the be of suitable form and construction andmay other, thus constantly raising its temperabe composed ofanydesirable material. This ture and effecting the cooling of thedistilled separator or column is composed of a series of vapors passingin the opposite direction distilling chambers -b--b'-b -b --b throughthe pipes or dues in said separator; preferably formed by divisionplates -b 5 and a connection from the outlet chamber of provided in saidcolumn atvarious intervals. 5 said separator to the still. The ammoniavapors conducted from the The invention still furthermore consists instill -A- by the pipe -a' are conveyed a gas outlet pipe or tube for one01" more of through the various chambers of the separator the chambersof the separator extendinginto by means of coiled pipes c-c'--c -c 50the next cooler chamber, in acap placed over 0 arranged within saidchambers of the which conducts the liberated gases CO and H 8 into thewasher I-I and causes the same to pass through thecomparatively coldammonia liquor therein, during which washing the remaining traces ofammonia are absorbed by said cold liquor, whereupon the said gases aredischarged by the pipe -4:-. This manner of conducting the liberatedgases absolutely prevents the escape of any ammonia together with thecarbonic anhydride and sulphureted hydrogembut if desired, the pipe tmay discharge into an acid washer, which will further prevent the escapeof ammonia.

The operation of my invention will be readily understood from theforegoing and it will be particularly noticed that before its passage tothe still A, the ammonia liquor is deprived of its carbonic anhydrideand sulphureted hydrogen Without any liability of the escape of ammonia,and that thereby a highly concentrated ammonia liquor is produced, whichis far greater in power than it has heretofore been possible to distill.It will also be noticed that a minimum amount of heat is required toeffect this desirable result, since the outgoing distilled vapors arepassed through pipes or tubes arranged within the chambers containingthe incoming liquor to be distilled, thus depriving the vapors of heatand adding to the temperature of the liquor.

It is evident that instead of the separate coiled pipes or tubes othersuitable passages or receptacles may be used and that other changes maybe made in the relative construction and arrangement of the partswithout departing from the spiritof my invention, hence I donot limitmyself to the exact detail construction of my improved apparatus.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, anddesire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination of a separator having an incoming liquor conduit andan outgoing vapor conduit,-a condenser and heater having an incomingliquor conduit and an outgoing vapor conduit connected respectively tothe incoming and outgoing conduits of the separator, a pipe leading fromthe separator for discharging the volatile gases, and a washer connectedto the incoming liquor conduit of the separator and to the incomingliquor conduit of the condenser and heater and to the gas dischargingpipe of the separator, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. The herein described apparatus, the same comprising a separator,provided with a series of connected liquor chambers of differenttemperatures for successivei y receiving the liquor conducted to theseparator and gradually raising its temperature, a series of coiledvapor pipes within said chambers, elbows having enlargements andconnecting said coils outside the separator, a still connected to theoutlet liquid chamber of the separator for receiving the liquortherefrom, and to the coil in said chamber for discharging the distilledvapors thereinto, and condensation-conveying pipes connecting saidenlargements with the still, substantially as and for the purpose setforth.

3. The herein described apparatus, the same comprising a separatorprovided with a series of connected chambers of different temperaturesfor successively receiving the liquor conducted to the separator andgradually raising its temperature, a series of connecting tubes betweensaid chambers for discharging the gas liberated in the said chambersinto the liquor in the chamber of next lower temperature, a series ofcoiled vapor pipes within said chambers, elbows connecting said coilsoutside the separator a still connected to the outlet liquor chamber ofthe separator for receiving the liquor therefrom and connected to thevapor coil in said chamber for discharging the distilled vaporsthereinto, substantially as and for the purpose set forth. 4. The hereindescribed apparatus, the same comprising a separator provided with aseries of connected liquor chambers of different temperatu res forsuccessively receiving the liquor conducted to the separator andgradually raising its temperature, a series of connected coiled vaporpipes within said chambers, a still connected to the outlet liquorchamber of the separator for receiving the liquor there from andconnected to the inlet vapor coil in said chamber for discharging thedistilled vapors thereinto, a condenser and heater having a series ofconnected vapor chambers one of which is connected to the coiled pipesin the separator whereby the vapors are successively passed through saidchambers of the condenser and heater, and a series of coiled liquorpipes or tubes in the chambers of the condenser and heater connected to'the inlet liquor chamber of the separator for receiving the raw liquor,raising its temperature and discharging the same into the separator,substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. The herein described apparatus, the same comprising a separatorprovided with a series of connected liquor chambers of differenttemperatures for successively receiving the liquor conducted to theseparator and gradually raising its temperature, a series of connectinggas tubes between said chambers for discharging the gas liberated in thesaid chambers into the liquor in the chamber of next lower temperature,a series of connected coiled vapor pipes within said chambers, a stillconnected to the outlet liquor chamber of the separator for receivingthe liquor therefrom and connected to the vapor pipe in said chamber fordischarging the distilled vapors thereinto, a

,condenser and heater having aseries of connected vapor chambers theoutlet one of which is connected to the vapor coil in the inlet liquorchamber of the separator whereby the vapors are successively passedthrough said coils of the separator and chambers of the ICO nected tothe outgoing vapor conduit of the separator, a pipe opening from theseparator and discharging into the Washer for conducting the volatilegases in the separator into the washer, a still connected to theincoming and outgoing conduits of the separator, and a receiverconnected to the outgoing conduit of the condenser and heater,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. The herein described apparatus, the same comprising a separatorprovided with a series of connected chambers of difierent temperatures,a series of connecting tubes between said chambers for discharging thegas liberated in the said chambers into the liquor in the chamber ofnext lower temperature, a series of connected pipes within saidchambers, a condenser and heater having an incoming liquor conduit andhaving an outgoing vapor conduit connected to the pipe in the inletliquor chamber of the separator, a still connected to the outlet liquorchamber of the separator for receiving the liquor therefrom andconnected to the pipe in said chamber -for discharging the distilledvapors thereinto,

and a washer connected to the inlet liquor chamber of the separator andto the incoming vapor conduit of the condenser and heater, substantiallyas and for the purpose specified. In testimony whereof I have hereuntosigned my name, in the presence of two attesting witnesses, at the cityof Brussels, Belgium, this 12th day of August, 1889.

- ERNEST SOLVAY. Witnesses:

ADOLF STEIN, R. LUGON.

(No ModeL) M. SZUKA'LSKI.

MOWER 11110111111111).

110. 518,430. Patented Apr. 17, 1894.

